diff --git a/common/space_lua/lua.test.ts b/common/space_lua/lua.test.ts
index 6f23083a..d9e3966a 100644
--- a/common/space_lua/lua.test.ts
+++ b/common/space_lua/lua.test.ts
@@ -29,6 +29,10 @@ Deno.test("[Lua] OS tests", async () => {
   await runLuaTest("./stdlib/os_test.lua");
 });
 
+Deno.test("[Lua] Math tests", async () => {
+  await runLuaTest("./stdlib/math_test.lua");
+});
+
 Deno.test("[Lua] JS tests", async () => {
   await runLuaTest("./stdlib/js_test.lua");
 });
diff --git a/common/space_lua/stdlib.ts b/common/space_lua/stdlib.ts
index 2c122a4b..904244fa 100644
--- a/common/space_lua/stdlib.ts
+++ b/common/space_lua/stdlib.ts
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import {
   type LuaQueryCollection,
 } from "$common/space_lua/query_collection.ts";
 import { templateApi } from "$common/space_lua/stdlib/template.ts";
+import { mathApi } from "$common/space_lua/stdlib/math.ts";
 
 const printFunction = new LuaBuiltinFunction(async (_sf, ...args) => {
   console.log("[Lua]", ...(await Promise.all(args.map(luaToString))));
@@ -235,6 +236,7 @@ export function luaBuildStandardEnv() {
   env.set("table", tableApi);
   env.set("os", osApi);
   env.set("js", jsApi);
+  env.set("math", mathApi);
   // Non-standard
   env.set("each", eachFunction);
   env.set("space_lua", spaceLuaApi);
diff --git a/common/space_lua/stdlib/math.md b/common/space_lua/stdlib/math.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f8a5eee6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/space_lua/stdlib/math.md
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+API docs for Lua's `math` module.
+
+## math.random(m?, n?)
+Generates random numbers. Without arguments, returns a float in [0,1). With one argument m, returns integer in [1,m]. With two arguments, returns integer in [m,n].
+
+Example:
+```lua
+print(math.random())      -- prints: 0.7259081864761557
+print(math.random(10))    -- prints: 7 (random number from 1-10)
+print(math.random(5,10))  -- prints: 8 (random number from 5-10)
+```
+
+## math.abs(x)
+Returns the absolute value of `x`.
+
+Example:
+```lua
+print(math.abs(-5))   -- prints: 5
+print(math.abs(3.7))  -- prints: 3.7
+```
+
+## math.ceil(x)
+Returns the smallest integer larger than or equal to `x`.
+
+Example:
+```lua
+print(math.ceil(3.3))   -- prints: 4
+print(math.ceil(-3.3))  -- prints: -3
+```
+
+## math.floor(x)
+Returns the largest integer smaller than or equal to `x`.
+
+Example:
+```lua
+print(math.floor(3.7))   -- prints: 3
+print(math.floor(-3.7))  -- prints: -4
+```
+
+## math.max(...)
+Returns the maximum value among its arguments.
+
+Example:
+```lua
+print(math.max(1, 2, 3, 4))     -- prints: 4
+print(math.max(-5, -2, -10))    -- prints: -2
+```
+
+## math.min(...)
+Returns the minimum value among its arguments.
+
+Example:
+```lua
+print(math.min(1, 2, 3, 4))     -- prints: 1
+print(math.min(-5, -2, -10))    -- prints: -10
+```
+
+## math.fmod(x, y)
+Returns the remainder of the division of `x` by `y`.
+
+Example:
+```lua
+print(math.fmod(7, 3))    -- prints: 1
+print(math.fmod(7, 2))    -- prints: 1
+```
+
+## math.modf(x)
+Returns the integral part and fractional part of `x`.
+
+Example:
+```lua
+local int, frac = table.unpack(math.modf(3.7))
+print(int, frac)    -- prints: 3 0.7
+```
+
+## math.exp(x)
+Returns e raised to the power of `x`.
+
+Example:
+```lua
+print(math.exp(0))    -- prints: 1
+print(math.exp(1))    -- prints: 2.718281828459045
+```
+
+## math.log(x, base?)
+Returns the natural logarithm of `x` or the logarithm of `x` to the given base.
+
+Example:
+```lua
+print(math.log(math.exp(1)))    -- prints: 1
+print(math.log(8, 2))           -- prints: 3
+```
+
+## math.pow(x, y)
+Returns `x` raised to the power `y`.
+
+Example:
+```lua
+print(math.pow(2, 3))    -- prints: 8
+print(math.pow(3, 2))    -- prints: 9
+```
+
+## math.sqrt(x)
+Returns the square root of `x`.
+
+Example:
+```lua
+print(math.sqrt(9))     -- prints: 3
+print(math.sqrt(2))     -- prints: 1.4142135623730951
+```
+
+## math.cos(x)
+Returns the cosine of `x` (in radians).
+
+Example:
+```lua
+print(math.cos(0))        -- prints: 1
+```
+
+## math.sin(x)
+Returns the sine of `x` (in radians).
+
+Example:
+```lua
+print(math.sin(0))               -- prints: 0
+```
+
+## math.tan(x)
+Returns the tangent of `x` (in radians).
+
+Example:
+```lua
+print(math.tan(0))        -- prints: 0
+```
+
+## math.acos(x)
+Returns the arc cosine of `x` (in radians).
+
+Example:
+```lua
+print(math.acos(1))    -- prints: 0
+print(math.acos(0))    -- prints: 1.5707963267948966
+```
+
+## math.asin(x)
+Returns the arc sine of `x` (in radians).
+
+Example:
+```lua
+print(math.asin(0))    -- prints: 0
+print(math.asin(1))    -- prints: 1.5707963267948966
+```
+
+## math.atan(y, x?)
+Returns the arc tangent of `y/x` (in radians). If `x` is not provided, returns the arc tangent of `y`.
+
+Example:
+```lua
+print(math.atan(0))        -- prints: 0
+print(math.atan(1, 1))     -- prints: 0.7853981633974483
+```
+
+## math.cosh(x)
+Returns the hyperbolic cosine of `x`.
+
+Example:
+```lua
+print(math.cosh(0))    -- prints: 1
+print(math.cosh(1))    -- prints: 1.5430806348152437
+```
+
+## math.sinh(x)
+Returns the hyperbolic sine of `x`.
+
+Example:
+```lua
+print(math.sinh(0))    -- prints: 0
+print(math.sinh(1))    -- prints: 1.1752011936438014
+```
+
+## math.tanh(x)
+Returns the hyperbolic tangent of `x`.
+
+Example:
+```lua
+print(math.tanh(0))    -- prints: 0
+print(math.tanh(1))    -- prints: 0.7615941559557649
+```
+
+## math.deg(x)
+Converts angle `x` from radians to degrees.
+
+
+## math.rad(x)
+Converts angle `x` from degrees to radians.
+
+Example:
+```lua
+print(math.rad(180))    -- prints: 3.141592653589793
+print(math.rad(90))     -- prints: 1.5707963267948966
+```
+
+## math.ult(m, n)
+Returns true if `m` is less than `n` when they are considered unsigned integers.
+
+Example:
+```lua
+print(math.ult(1, 2))    -- prints: true
+print(math.ult(2, 1))    -- prints: false
+```
+
+# Non-standard Extensions
+## math.cosine_similarity(vecA, vecB)
+Returns the cosine similarity between two vectors.
+
+Example:
+```lua
+local vec1 = {1, 2, 3}
+local vec2 = {4, 5, 6}
+print(math.cosine_similarity(vec1, vec2))    -- prints: 0.9746318461970762
+```
diff --git a/common/space_lua/stdlib/math.ts b/common/space_lua/stdlib/math.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f95ecbd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/space_lua/stdlib/math.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+import {
+  LuaBuiltinFunction,
+  LuaRuntimeError,
+  LuaTable,
+} from "$common/space_lua/runtime.ts";
+
+export const mathApi = new LuaTable({
+  // Random number generation
+  random: new LuaBuiltinFunction((_sf, m?: number, n?: number) => {
+    if (m === undefined && n === undefined) {
+      // random() returns [0,1)
+      return Math.random();
+    } else if (n === undefined) {
+      // random(m) returns [1,m]
+      return Math.floor(Math.random() * m!) + 1;
+    } else {
+      // random(m,n) returns [m,n]
+      return Math.floor(Math.random() * (n - m! + 1)) + m!;
+    }
+  }),
+
+  // Basic functions
+  abs: new LuaBuiltinFunction((_sf, x: number) => Math.abs(x)),
+  ceil: new LuaBuiltinFunction((_sf, x: number) => Math.ceil(x)),
+  floor: new LuaBuiltinFunction((_sf, x: number) => Math.floor(x)),
+  max: new LuaBuiltinFunction((_sf, ...args: number[]) => Math.max(...args)),
+  min: new LuaBuiltinFunction((_sf, ...args: number[]) => Math.min(...args)),
+
+  // Rounding and remainder
+  fmod: new LuaBuiltinFunction((_sf, x: number, y: number) => x % y),
+  modf: new LuaBuiltinFunction((_sf, x: number) => {
+    const int = Math.floor(x);
+    const frac = x - int;
+    return new LuaTable([int, frac]);
+  }),
+
+  // Power and logarithms
+  exp: new LuaBuiltinFunction((_sf, x: number) => Math.exp(x)),
+  log: new LuaBuiltinFunction((_sf, x: number, base?: number) => {
+    if (base === undefined) {
+      return Math.log(x);
+    }
+    return Math.log(x) / Math.log(base);
+  }),
+  pow: new LuaBuiltinFunction((_sf, x: number, y: number) => Math.pow(x, y)),
+  sqrt: new LuaBuiltinFunction((_sf, x: number) => Math.sqrt(x)),
+
+  // Trigonometric functions
+  cos: new LuaBuiltinFunction((_sf, x: number) => Math.cos(x)),
+  sin: new LuaBuiltinFunction((_sf, x: number) => Math.sin(x)),
+  tan: new LuaBuiltinFunction((_sf, x: number) => Math.tan(x)),
+  acos: new LuaBuiltinFunction((_sf, x: number) => Math.acos(x)),
+  asin: new LuaBuiltinFunction((_sf, x: number) => Math.asin(x)),
+  atan: new LuaBuiltinFunction((_sf, y: number, x?: number) => {
+    if (x === undefined) {
+      return Math.atan(y);
+    }
+    return Math.atan2(y, x);
+  }),
+
+  // Hyperbolic functions
+  cosh: new LuaBuiltinFunction((_sf, x: number) => Math.cosh(x)),
+  sinh: new LuaBuiltinFunction((_sf, x: number) => Math.sinh(x)),
+  tanh: new LuaBuiltinFunction((_sf, x: number) => Math.tanh(x)),
+
+  // Additional utility
+  deg: new LuaBuiltinFunction((_sf, x: number) => x * 180 / Math.PI),
+  rad: new LuaBuiltinFunction((_sf, x: number) => x * Math.PI / 180),
+  ult: new LuaBuiltinFunction((_sf, m: number, n: number) => {
+    // Unsigned less than comparison
+    return (m >>> 0) < (n >>> 0);
+  }),
+
+  // Keep the cosine_similarity utility function
+  cosine_similarity: new LuaBuiltinFunction(
+    (sf, vecA: number[], vecB: number[]) => {
+      if (vecA.length !== vecB.length) {
+        throw new LuaRuntimeError("Vectors must be of the same length", sf);
+      }
+
+      let dotProduct = 0;
+      let normA = 0;
+      let normB = 0;
+
+      for (let i = 0; i < vecA.length; i++) {
+        dotProduct += vecA[i] * vecB[i];
+        normA += vecA[i] ** 2;
+        normB += vecB[i] ** 2;
+      }
+
+      return dotProduct / (Math.sqrt(normA) * Math.sqrt(normB));
+    },
+  ),
+});
diff --git a/common/space_lua/stdlib/math_test.lua b/common/space_lua/stdlib/math_test.lua
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8996180a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/space_lua/stdlib/math_test.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+local function assert_equal(a, b)
+  if a ~= b then
+      error("Assertion failed: " .. a .. " is not equal to " .. b)
+  end
+end
+
+-- Trigonometric functions
+assert_equal(math.cos(0), 1)
+assert_equal(math.sin(0), 0)
+assert_equal(math.tan(0), 0)
+assert_equal(math.acos(1), 0)
+assert_equal(math.asin(0), 0)
+assert_equal(math.atan(0), 0)
+
+-- Hyperbolic functions
+assert_equal(math.cosh(0), 1)
+assert_equal(math.sinh(0), 0)
+assert_equal(math.tanh(0), 0)
+
+-- Basic functions
+assert_equal(math.abs(-5), 5)
+assert_equal(math.ceil(3.3), 4)
+assert_equal(math.floor(3.7), 3)
+assert_equal(math.max(1, 2, 3, 4), 4)
+assert_equal(math.min(1, 2, 3, 4), 1)
+
+-- Rounding and remainder
+assert_equal(math.fmod(7, 3), 1)
+
+-- Power and logarithms
+assert_equal(math.exp(0), 1)
+assert_equal(math.log(math.exp(1)), 1)
+assert_equal(math.log(8, 2), 3)  -- log base 2 of 8
+assert_equal(math.pow(2, 3), 8)
+assert_equal(math.sqrt(9), 3)
+
+
+-- Random number tests (basic range checks)
+local rand = math.random()
+assert_equal(rand >= 0 and rand < 1, true)
+local rand_n = math.random(10)
+assert_equal(rand_n >= 1 and rand_n <= 10, true)
+local rand_range = math.random(5, 10)
+assert_equal(rand_range >= 5 and rand_range <= 10, true)
+
+-- Unsigned less than comparison
+assert_equal(math.ult(1, 2), true)
+assert_equal(math.ult(2, 1), false)