/*
    This file is part of Mitsuba, a physically based rendering system.

    Copyright (c) 2007-2012 by Wenzel Jakob and others.

    Mitsuba is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License Version 3
    as published by the Free Software Foundation.

    Mitsuba is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
    GNU General Public License for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/

#include <mitsuba/render/scene.h>
#include <mitsuba/core/bsphere.h>
#include <mitsuba/core/plugin.h>
#include <mitsuba/hw/gpuprogram.h>

MTS_NAMESPACE_BEGIN

/*!\plugin{constant}{Constant environment emitter}
 * \icon{emitter_constant}
 * \order{10}
 * \parameters{
 *     \parameter{radiance}{\Spectrum}{
 *         Specifies the emitted radiance in units of
 *         power per unit area per unit steradian.
 *     }
 *     \parameter{samplingWeight}{\Float}{
 *         Specifies the relative amount of samples
 *         allocated to this emitter. \default{1}
 *     }
 * }
 *
 * This plugin implements a constant environment emitter, which surrounds
 * the scene and radiates diffuse illumination towards it. This is often
 * a good default light source when the goal is to visualize some loaded
 * geometry that uses basic (e.g. diffuse) materials.
 */
class ConstantBackgroundEmitter : public Emitter {
public:
	ConstantBackgroundEmitter(const Properties &props) : Emitter(props) {
		m_type |= EOnSurface | EEnvironmentEmitter;
		m_radiance = props.getSpectrum("radiance", Spectrum::getD65());
	}

	ConstantBackgroundEmitter(Stream *stream, InstanceManager *manager)
	 : Emitter(stream, manager) {
		m_radiance = Spectrum(stream);
		m_sceneBSphere = BSphere(stream);
		m_geoBSphere = BSphere(stream);
		configure();
	}

	void serialize(Stream *stream, InstanceManager *manager) const {
		Emitter::serialize(stream, manager);
		m_radiance.serialize(stream);
		m_sceneBSphere.serialize(stream);
		m_geoBSphere.serialize(stream);
	}

	ref<Shape> createShape(const Scene *scene) {
		/* Create a bounding sphere that surrounds the scene */
		BSphere sceneBSphere(scene->getAABB().getBSphere());
		sceneBSphere.radius = std::max(Epsilon, sceneBSphere.radius * 1.5f);
		BSphere geoBSphere(scene->getKDTree()->getAABB().getBSphere());

		if (sceneBSphere != m_sceneBSphere || geoBSphere != m_geoBSphere) {
			m_sceneBSphere = sceneBSphere;
			m_geoBSphere = geoBSphere;
			configure();
		}

		Transform trafo =
			Transform::translate(Vector(m_sceneBSphere.center)) *
			Transform::scale(Vector(m_sceneBSphere.radius));

		Properties props("sphere");
		props.setTransform("toWorld", trafo);
		props.setBoolean("flipNormals", true);
		Shape *shape = static_cast<Shape *> (PluginManager::getInstance()->
			createObject(MTS_CLASS(Shape), props));
		shape->addChild(this);
		shape->configure();

		return shape;
	}

	void configure() {
		Emitter::configure();
		Float surfaceArea = 4 * M_PI *
			m_sceneBSphere.radius * m_sceneBSphere.radius;
		m_invSurfaceArea = 1 / surfaceArea;
		m_power = m_radiance * surfaceArea * M_PI;
	}

	Spectrum eval(const Intersection &its, const Vector &d) const {
		if (dot(its.shFrame.n, d) <= 0)
			return Spectrum(0.0f);
		else
			return m_radiance;
	}

	Spectrum samplePosition(PositionSamplingRecord &pRec,
			const Point2 &sample, const Point2 *extra) const {
		Vector d = warp::squareToUniformSphere(sample);

		pRec.p = m_sceneBSphere.center + d * m_sceneBSphere.radius;
		pRec.n = -d;
		pRec.measure = EArea;
		pRec.pdf = m_invSurfaceArea;

		return m_power;
	}

	Spectrum evalPosition(const PositionSamplingRecord &pRec) const {
		return m_radiance * M_PI;
	}

	Float pdfPosition(const PositionSamplingRecord &pRec) const {
		return m_invSurfaceArea;
	}

	Spectrum sampleDirection(DirectionSamplingRecord &dRec,
			PositionSamplingRecord &pRec,
			const Point2 &sample, const Point2 *extra) const {
		Vector local = warp::squareToCosineHemisphere(sample);
		dRec.d = Frame(pRec.n).toWorld(local);
		dRec.pdf = warp::squareToCosineHemispherePdf(local);
		dRec.measure = ESolidAngle;
		return Spectrum(1.0f);
	}

	Spectrum evalDirection(const DirectionSamplingRecord &dRec,
			const PositionSamplingRecord &pRec) const {
		Float dp = dot(dRec.d, pRec.n);

		if (dRec.measure != ESolidAngle || dp < 0)
			dp = 0.0f;

		return Spectrum(INV_PI * dp);
	}

	Float pdfDirection(const DirectionSamplingRecord &dRec,
			const PositionSamplingRecord &pRec) const {
		Float dp = dot(dRec.d, pRec.n);

		if (dRec.measure != ESolidAngle || dp < 0)
			dp = 0.0f;

		return INV_PI * dp;
	}

	Spectrum sampleRay(Ray &ray,
			const Point2 &spatialSample,
			const Point2 &directionalSample,
			Float time) const {
		Vector v0 = warp::squareToUniformSphere(spatialSample);
		Vector v1 = warp::squareToCosineHemisphere(directionalSample);

		ray.setOrigin(m_geoBSphere.center + v0 * m_geoBSphere.radius);
		ray.setDirection(Frame(-v0).toWorld(v1));
		ray.setTime(time);

		return m_radiance * (4 * M_PI * M_PI * m_geoBSphere.radius * m_geoBSphere.radius);
	}

	Spectrum sampleDirect(DirectSamplingRecord &dRec,
			const Point2 &sample) const {
		Vector d;
		Float pdf;

		if (!dRec.refN.isZero()) {
			d = warp::squareToCosineHemisphere(sample);
			pdf = warp::squareToCosineHemispherePdf(d);
			d = Frame(dRec.refN).toWorld(d);
		} else {
			d = warp::squareToUniformSphere(sample);
			pdf = warp::squareToUniformSpherePdf();
		}

		/* Intersect against the bounding sphere. This is not really
		   necessary for path tracing and similar integrators. However,
		   to make BDPT+MLT work with this emitter, we should return
		   positions that are consistent with respect to the other
		   sampling techniques in this class. */

		Ray ray(dRec.ref, d, 0);
		Float nearT, farT;
		dRec.pdf = 0.0f;
		if (!m_sceneBSphere.rayIntersect(ray, nearT, farT))
			return Spectrum(0.0f);

		if (!(nearT < 0 && farT > 0))
			return Spectrum(0.0f);

		dRec.p = ray(farT);
		dRec.n = normalize(m_sceneBSphere.center - dRec.p);
		dRec.measure = ESolidAngle;
		dRec.d = ray.d;
		dRec.dist = farT;
		dRec.pdf = pdf;

		if (!dRec.refN.isZero() && dot(dRec.d, dRec.refN) <= 0) {
			/// Ignore the sample if roundoff errors moved it to the backside
			return Spectrum(0.0f);
		}

		return m_radiance / pdf;
	}

	Float pdfDirect(const DirectSamplingRecord &dRec) const {
		Float pdfSA;

		if (!dRec.refN.isZero())
			pdfSA = INV_PI * std::max((Float) 0.0f, dot(dRec.d, dRec.refN));
		else
			pdfSA = warp::squareToUniformSpherePdf();

		if (dRec.measure == ESolidAngle)
			return pdfSA;
		else if (dRec.measure == EArea)
			return pdfSA * absDot(dRec.d, dRec.n)
				/ (dRec.dist * dRec.dist);
		else
			return 0.0f;
	}

	AABB getAABB() const {
		/* The scene sets its bounding box so that it contains all shapes and
		   emitters, but this particular emitter always wants to be *a little*
		   bigger than the scene. To avoid a silly recursion, just return a
		   point here. */
		return AABB(m_sceneBSphere.center);
	}

	Spectrum evalEnvironment(const RayDifferential &ray) const {
		return m_radiance;
	}

	bool fillDirectSamplingRecord(DirectSamplingRecord &dRec, const Ray &ray) const {
		Float nearT, farT;

		if (!m_sceneBSphere.rayIntersect(ray, nearT, farT) || nearT > 0 || farT < 0) {
			Log(EWarn, "fillDirectSamplingRecord(): internal error!");
			return false;
		}

		dRec.p = ray(farT);
		dRec.n = normalize(m_sceneBSphere.center - dRec.p);
		dRec.measure = ESolidAngle;
		dRec.object = this;
		dRec.d = ray.d;
		dRec.dist = farT;
		return true;
	}

	Spectrum fillDirectionSamplingRecord(const Ray &ray) const {
		return m_radiance;
	}

	std::string toString() const {
		std::ostringstream oss;
		oss << "ConstantBackgroundEmitter[" << endl
			<< "  radiance = " << m_radiance.toString() << "," << endl
			<< "  samplingWeight = " << m_samplingWeight << "," << endl
			<< "  geoBSphere = " << m_geoBSphere.toString() << "," << endl
			<< "  sceneBSphere = " << m_sceneBSphere.toString() << "," << endl
			<< "  medium = " << indent(m_medium.toString()) << endl
			<< "]";
		return oss.str();
	}

	Shader *createShader(Renderer *renderer) const;

	MTS_DECLARE_CLASS()
protected:
	Spectrum m_radiance, m_power;
	BSphere m_geoBSphere, m_sceneBSphere;
	Float m_invSurfaceArea;
};

// ================ Hardware shader implementation ================

class ConstantBackgroundEmitterShader : public Shader {
public:
	ConstantBackgroundEmitterShader(Renderer *renderer, const Spectrum &radiance)
		: Shader(renderer, EEmitterShader), m_radiance(radiance * M_PI) {
	}

	void resolve(const GPUProgram *program, const std::string &evalName,
			std::vector<int> &parameterIDs) const {
		parameterIDs.push_back(program->getParameterID(evalName + "_radiance", false));
	}

	void generateCode(std::ostringstream &oss, const std::string &evalName,
			const std::vector<std::string> &depNames) const {
		oss << "uniform vec3 " << evalName << "_radiance;" << endl
			<< endl
			<< "vec3 " << evalName << "_dir(vec3 wo) {" << endl
			<< "    return vec3(1.0);" << endl
			<< "}" << endl
			<< endl
			<< "vec3 " << evalName << "_background(vec3 wo) {" << endl
			<< "    const float inv_pi = 0.318309886183791;" << endl
			<< "    return " << evalName << "_radiance * inv_pi;" << endl
			<< "}" << endl;
	}

	void bind(GPUProgram *program, const std::vector<int> &parameterIDs,
		int &textureUnitOffset) const {
		program->setParameter(parameterIDs[0], m_radiance);
	}

	MTS_DECLARE_CLASS()
private:
	Spectrum m_radiance;
};

Shader *ConstantBackgroundEmitter::createShader(Renderer *renderer) const {
	return new ConstantBackgroundEmitterShader(renderer, m_radiance);
}

MTS_IMPLEMENT_CLASS(ConstantBackgroundEmitterShader, false, Shader)
MTS_IMPLEMENT_CLASS_S(ConstantBackgroundEmitter, false, Emitter)
MTS_EXPORT_PLUGIN(ConstantBackgroundEmitter, "Constant background emitter");
MTS_NAMESPACE_END